By Gregory K. McMillan
This best-selling booklet offers a transparent, concise, and complete view of the way to choose, set up, and hold electrodes, regulate valves, and keep watch over concepts for pH purposes serious for product and water caliber within the procedure undefined. The ebook covers each element of procedure layout together with the blending and reagent piping specifications which are vital for a profitable application.
The crucial ideas are summarized as key insights and the simplest practices are provided as principles of thumb through the publication. The rising strength of dynamic on-line pH estimators is explored to make present pH measurements swifter and extra trustworthy. the newest advancements in complex batch regulate, adaptive keep an eye on, linear reagent call for keep watch over, and version predictive keep watch over are awarded to minimize reagent intake and variability.
Этот бестселлер обеспечивает четкое, краткое, и полное представление о том, как выбрать, установить и поддерживать электроды, регулирующие клапаны и стратегию борьбы с измерением рН, решающее значение для качества продукта и воды в обрабатывающей промышленности. Книга охватывает все аспекты проектирования систем, в том числе и требования смешивания реагентов трубопроводов, которые важны для успешного применения. Важнейшие концепции можно резюмировать ключевые идеями и лучшими практиками, представленных в виде эмпирических правил на протяжении всей книги. Возникающие возможности динамического измерения рН изучены, чтобы сделать существующие измерения рН более быстрыми и надежными. Последние события в расширенный контроля, адаптивного управления, линейное управление подачи реагента и модели интеллектуального управления представлены для уменьшения расхода реагентов и изменчивости.
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Additional info for Advanced pH Measurement and Control
Example text
If the electrodes are in a recirculation line that is well insulated with no heating or cooling, the vessel temperature can be used . If the process temperature at the electrodes changes by more than a few degrees, multiple samples should be titrated at different temperatures to determine the change in actual solution p H with temperature near the pH set point so that a correction factor can be automatically applied to the field pH measu rement based on the deviation from a reference temperature, such as the set point.
Slippery Slopes The task of a conventional control system to maintain a pH se t point on the steep slope of a titration curve despite upsets is sim ilar to a novice skier trying to stop on an icy expert slope while being buffeted by high w ind s. Going from a knee to the steep portion of a titration curve can be like falling off 8 cliff with nothing to break the fall except a knee. Unfortuna tely, most set points a re near the neutra l or equivalence points on the titration curve, which coincide with location of the maximum slope.
Most of the beneficial value of the investment in a well mixed vessel in terms of slow ing down a di stu rbance has been lost. The decrease in th e effective process time constant seen by the pH controller will be q ua ntified in Cha pter 10 on pH control system selection. Operators will as k whether you can do an ything to slow down the response because it tends to zip right past the desired set point. In Cha pter 8 on pH control systems, we will see how signal cha racte riza tion can slow down the response by th e tran slation of the controlled va riable from pH to pe rcent reagent demand (X axis of the titration curve) to soothe the operato r's nerves and restore the process time constant.