By Milind Desai, Christine Jellis, Teerapat Yingchoncharoen
Valvular center drugs revolves round the have to safely establish destinations of pathological constructions and/or the interventional instruments had to deal with that pathology. The imaging of the valves is constructing at an incredible speed and the clinician needs to be conscious of the benefits of every one modality and the way it compares to the others on hand. there's a want for a realistic, scientific atlas designed to paintings the reader via instances and assessing the greatest offerings to be had to physicians. This atlas will symbolize the complete multimodality imaging judgements wanted while assessing mitral valvular problems. inside this atlas the authors may be providing a accomplished pictorial evaluation of the hugely advanced pathology/treatment thoughts and administration during this various team of sufferers with diverse mitral valvular pathologies. Imaging modalities movement quick representing problem to practitioners. This atlas will permit them to profit the alternatives to be had and be good versed in strategies. it's going to consequently be crucial studying for all cardiac imagers, surgeons, interventionalists, anesthetists and trainees in those disciplines.
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Additional resources for An Atlas of Mitral Valve Imaging
Sample text
3 Spectral Doppler image demonstrating inflow through the mitral valve during diastole 20 C. Jellis and T. 4 Fig. 4 The relationship and direction of diastolic mitral inflow and systolic mitral regurgitation Color Doppler Imaging This Doppler technique, which enables a color pattern of blood flow volume and direction within the heart to be superimposed on a 2D image, is particularly useful in the assessment of mitral regurgitation. The color Doppler jet pattern can be visually characterized with respect to the origin, direction, timing, and extent of reverse flow or turbulence of flow in different imaging planes.
14 Parasternal long-axis view 11 12 Fig. 15 Parasternal basal short-axis view C. Jellis 1 Mitral Valve Nomenclature Fig. 16 Apical four-chamber view 13 14 Fig. 17 Apical two-chamber view C. Jellis 1 Mitral Valve Nomenclature Fig. 18 Apical three-chamber view 15 16 Fig. 19 Subcostal four-chamber view C. 1 Two-Dimensional Imaging Mitral annular dimensions can be best measured from the apical four-chamber and two-chamber views. Area planimetry can be performed on a short-axis view, although this method depends on image quality and correct measurement of the orifice at the level of the leaflet tips.
Jellis and T. Yingchoncharoen 2 Assessment of Mitral Valve Function Fig. 8 Type IIIA mitral regurgitation Fig. 6 C. Jellis and T. Yingchoncharoen Mitral Stenosis The severity of mitral stenosis (MS) should not be identified by single parameters, but rather should be assessed using multiple approaches that can determine mitral valve area (MVA), transmitral mean and pressure gradient, and pulmonary artery pressure. 1 Planimetry Planimetry has been shown to have the best correlation with anatomic MVA, as assessed by explanted valve [1].